Introducing Management Training-Leadership-2

Final part of Management Training -Leadership. If you didn't read the first part you can read it by clicking here.

CONTINUUM OF LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOR

Effective Style:

CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENT: ADAPTING TO THE SITUATION

• We have explored the two extremes on the continuum of management behavior.  Logically, the best position would be somewhere in between.
• We propose as an alternative that a leader recognize that his or her effectiveness depends on the fit between the relationship of the manager and the work group, the nature of the task at hand, and the power of the leader’s position.
• Contingency management fosters the idea of a “different- stroke-for-different folks “ approach to management.

TRAITS OF EFFECTIVE LEADERS

1. Honesty.
2. High level of personal drive.
3. Desire to lead.
4. Personal integrity.
5. Self confidence.
6. Cognitive(analytical) ability.
7. Knowledge.
8. Charisma.
9. Flexibility.
10. Intelligence.
11. Creativity.
12. Personal warmth.
13. Ambitions.
14. Aggressiveness 

Much research has focused on identifying leadership behavior, skill and action. Three broad type skills the leaders widely use are

1. Technical skill
2. Human
3. Conceptual.

  

Leaders behavior depends on 3 main variables

1. Leader
2. Followers and
3. Situation 

Followership behavior:

1. Not competing with the leader
2. Being loyal and supportive
3. Not being a ‘yes person’ who automatically agrees.
4. Not to act as a devil’s advocate by raising penetrating questions.
5. Constructively confronting the leader’s ideas, values and actions.
6. Anticipating potential problems and preventing them.

Good followers. Then, need to succeed at their own jobs while helping their managers succeeds at theirs.

LEADERSHIP APPROACHES 

1.Positive leadership:  If the leadership approach emphasizes reward-economic or otherwise-leader uses positive leadership. Better employee education, greater demand for independence and other factors have made satisfactory employee motivation more dependent on positive leadership.

2.If emphasis is placed on penalties, the leader is applying negative leadership. This approach can get acceptable performance in many situations, but it has high human costs. The penalties are loss of job, reprimand in the presence of others, and a few days of without pay. They display authority in the false belief that it frightens every one into productivity. They are bosses more than leaders.

1. Quality or trait approach
2. Situational approach
3. Functional approach. 

TYPE OF POWER

1. Reward Power.
2. Coersive Power
3. Legitimate/Position Power
4. Expart Power
5. Referent Power(Charisma). 

USE OF POWER

1.POSITION POWER-reinforced by reward and coercive power: Where most task are predictable and routine, and behavioral conformity is sufficient.

2.EXPERT AND REFERENT POWER: Where tasks are creative, complex, uncertain, requiring high degree of internalized motivation. 

ATTAINMENT OF REFERENT(CHARISMATIC) POWER

1.ROLE MODELING: Behaving in the manner in which you want your followers to have.

2.IMAGE CREATION: Engaging in behavior designed to create the impression of competence and success.

3.CONFIDENCE BUILDING: Communicating confidence in and high expectations of followers.

4.GOAL ARTICULATION: Voicing goals laden with moral overtones, which can then become the basis of a movement or a cause(because they exploit people’s emotions).

5.MOTIVE AROUSAL: Behaving in such a manner as to inspire the followers to want to accomplish the goal.

TACTICS FOR INFLUENCING OTHERS 

1. Assertiveness
2. Ingratiation
3. Rationality
4. Sanctions
5. Exchange
6. Upward appeal
7. Blocking
8. Coalitions
9. Other techniques 

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MANAGER

1. Personality
2. Self confidence
3. Training, Experience, Knowledge
4. Expectations of subordinates

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUBORDINATES 

1. Professionals
2. Ability, knowledge and experience
3. Exercice of power
4. Cultural background

THE SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO DECISION MAKING

1. Problem identification
2. Problem definition
3. Information collection
4. Information analysis
5. Specification of the objective, without defined objective, the success of a decision can not be assessed
6. Alternative course of action
7. Select action and implement

There are four kinds of people in this world

1. People who watch things happen.
2. People to whom things happen.
3. People who don’t know what is happening.  And a distinguished minority 
4. People who make things happen

                      

             Which one are you ?

TO Know more about leadership visit here.

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